64-electrode electroencephalography (eeg) cap featuring ag/ agcl active electrodes biosemi activetwo  (BioSemi)

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Directed causal effect with PCMCI in hyperscanning EEG time series

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1305918

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCMCI was calculated both within persons and between pairs of leader-follower. The result is shown here as nodes and connections, with stronger colors for stronger correlations. Each person’s brain is represented by a triad of EEG-electrodes: F4, Fz and F3. Here is an example of two persons, P1 and P2, forming a pair. In panel A P1 is the leader and P2 is the follower, and in panel B P2 is the leader and P1 is the follower. The triad of the leader has the letter L in front of the EEG-electrode names and the triad of the follower has the letter F in the same place. The connections within a triad of EEG-electrodes reflect the PCMCI correlations within a brain. The connections between triads represent PCMCI correlations between the pair. The numbers indicate the time steps of the existing correlations, starting with the one that had the strongest correlation. For example, “4,5,1,2,3” when P2 was leader there were 5 correlations from L Fz to L F3 within the brain. The strongest correlation was from 4 time steps before the time point of interest, this is here shown as a blue arrow from L Fz to L F3. Other correlations existed, with lower and falling values at 5, 1, 2 and 3 time steps leading up to the time point of interest.

Article Snippet: They were equipped with EEG caps of 64 BioSemi® electrodes (BioSemi instrumentation).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Increases Bilateral Directed Brain Connectivity during Motor-Imagery Based Brain-Computer Interface Control

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00691

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alpha band normalized DTF total flow for each ROI . (A) Change in total connectivity from the pre-stimulation time point mapped onto the peak dipole of each ROI for anode and sham conditions. Color indicates the direction of change and sphere size indicates the absolute change value. (B) Mean post-stimulation change in total connectivity between conditions. For left hand imagination (Left) there was a difference in total outflow from the left sensorimotor cortex between groups, with a significant increase from pre-stimulation in the anodal group. For right hand imagination (Right) there was a significant difference in outflow from left PMC between groups. There were significant increases in the inflow to SMA, midline SMC, and right PPC; outflow from left SMC, left PMC, and right SMC in the anodal group and SMA inflow in the sham group. Total inflow to the ROI (top) and total outflow from the ROI (bottom). Bar color indicates the condition: anode (blue) and sham (red). Values are mean across subject; error bars are standard error across subjects. ** p < 0.05 between conditions. * p < 0.05 change from pre-stimulation. ∧ Wilcoxon rank sum change from pre-stimulation. d is Cohen's d effect size.

Article Snippet: A 64-channel Biosemi EEG cap with active electrodes and an ActiveTwo amplifier were used to record the EEG signal at 1024 Hz (BioSemi, Amsterdam, Netherlands).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Increases Bilateral Directed Brain Connectivity during Motor-Imagery Based Brain-Computer Interface Control

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00691

Figure Lengend Snippet: Beta band normalized DTF total flow for each ROI. Mean post-stimulation change in total connectivity between conditions. For left hand imagination (Left) there was a difference between conditions of outflow from the left PPC. There was a significant increase in inflow to the left SMC following anodal stimulation, and a significant increase to the midline SMC in the sham group. For right hand imagination (Right) there was a significant difference in inflow to the right PPC between groups and outflow from the right SMC and left PMC. There was an increase in SMA, midline SMC, and left PPC inflow and right SMC and left PM outflow following anodal stimulation. Total inflow to the ROI (top) and total outflow from the ROI (bottom). Bar color indicates the condition: anode (blue) and sham (red). Values are mean across subjects; error bars are standard error across subjects. ** p < 0.05 between conditions. * p < 0.05 change from pre-stimulation. d is Cohen's d effect size.

Article Snippet: A 64-channel Biosemi EEG cap with active electrodes and an ActiveTwo amplifier were used to record the EEG signal at 1024 Hz (BioSemi, Amsterdam, Netherlands).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Increases Bilateral Directed Brain Connectivity during Motor-Imagery Based Brain-Computer Interface Control

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00691

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alpha band normalized DTF flow between each ROI pair . (A) Alpha band changes in connectivity after stimulation for right and left hand imagination in the anode and sham stimulation groups. Red indicates and increase in connectivity, blue indicates a decrease in connectivity. Values are mean across subjects across blocks. All included connections had p < 0.05 from pre-stimulation baseline. (B) Mean post-stimulation change in directed connectivity between conditions. For left hand imagination (Left) there were significant differences between groups for output from the left SMC to right SMC, left PMC, midline SMC, and left PPC, with the anodal group having a greater increase than the sham group. The anodal group had increased flow from right PMC to SMA, left SMC to left PMC and SMA. The sham group had increased connectivity from SMA to right PPC and midline SMC to right SMC. For right hand imagination (Right) there were differences between groups from left PM to left SMC, midline SMC, and right PPC with higher changes in connectivity in the anodal group. For the anodal group there was increased connectivity from right SMC to left PM and left SMC, from left PM to right PMC, left PMC, and right PPC, from midline SMC to SMA. For the sham group increased connectivity from left SMC to right PPC and midline SMC to SMA. Values are mean across subjects; error bars are standard error. ** p < 0.05 between conditions. * p < 0.05 change from pre-stimulation. d is Cohen's d effect size.

Article Snippet: A 64-channel Biosemi EEG cap with active electrodes and an ActiveTwo amplifier were used to record the EEG signal at 1024 Hz (BioSemi, Amsterdam, Netherlands).

Techniques: